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MOD-025-2

Verification and Data Reporting of Generator Real and Reactive Power Capability and Synchronous Condenser Reactive Power Capability

MOD-025-2 requires the Generator Owner to verify the Real Power and Reactive Power capability of its applicable Facilities, and the Transmission Owner to verify the Reactive Power capability of its synchronous condensers, by staged test or operational data, and to report the results to the Transmission Planner. The purpose is accurate generator and synchronous condenser capability data in the planning models used to assess Bulk Electric System reliability. Verification repeats at least every five years, and sooner after a lasting change in capability of more than 10 percent.

Who it applies to

  • Generator Owners.
  • Transmission Owners that own synchronous condensers.
  • Applicable Facilities: an individual generating unit greater than 20 MVA (gross nameplate rating) directly connected to the Bulk Electric System; a synchronous condenser greater than 20 MVA (gross nameplate rating) directly connected to the Bulk Electric System; or a generating plant/Facility greater than 75 MVA (gross aggregate nameplate rating) directly connected to the Bulk Electric System.
  • Not applicable to non-BES Inverter-Based Resources of Category 2 Generator Owners: MOD-025-2 Facilities must be directly connected to the Bulk Electric System, and MOD-025-2 is not one of the eight standards made enforceable on Category 2 facilities on May 15, 2026.

Key dates

  • July 1, 2016: effective date and first phase-in milestone. Section 5 required initial verification of at least 40 percent of each entity's applicable Facilities by July 1, 2016, 60 percent by July 1, 2017, 80 percent by July 1, 2018 and 100 percent by July 1, 2019, counted by number of applicable units owned (a wind site counts as one). The phase-in is complete.
  • Every five years: each applicable Facility is verified again, with no more than 66 calendar months between verifications.
  • Within 12 calendar months of a capability change or a new Facility: verify again after discovering a change of more than 10 percent from the last reported verified Real Power or Reactive Power capability that is expected to last more than six months, and after a new applicable Facility's commercial operation date. Existing units in long-term shutdown and not tested for more than five years are also verified within 12 calendar months.
  • Within 90 calendar days of the test or data selection: the completed Attachment 2 goes to the Transmission Planner, counted from the date the data is recorded for a staged test or selected for verification from historical operational data.
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Source

NERC MOD-025-2 (standard text, PDF)

October 4, 2026

Requirements

What each requirement asks for, in plain English.

R1 · Verify and report Real Power capability

What it means. The Generator Owner verifies the Real Power capability of its generating units under Attachment 1 and submits a completed Attachment 2, or a form with the same information, to its Transmission Planner within 90 calendar days. The first verification of each applicable Facility under the standard must be a staged test; later verifications may use operational data from within the two years before the verification date if it meets the Attachment 1 criteria. Real Power is verified at the Facility's normal (not emergency) expected maximum Real Power output, with the auxiliary equipment needed for expected normal operation in service. Synchronous units hold maximum Real Power and lagging Reactive Power for at least one hour; variable units such as wind, solar and run of river hydro are verified at the maximum Real Power the resource can provide at the time. If the Transmission Planner asks, the Generator Owner adjusts the tested MW to the ambient conditions it specifies and submits them within 90 days of the request or the date the data was recorded or selected, whichever is later.

Evidence an auditor expects. A completed Attachment 2, or the Generator Owner's form with the same information, or the dated data collected and used to complete it, plus dated evidence such as emails or mail receipts showing it reached the Transmission Planner within 90 days. Keep the latest Attachment 2, the data behind it and the submittal evidence since the last compliance audit.

R2 · Verify and report Reactive Power capability

What it means. The Generator Owner verifies, under Attachment 1, the Reactive Power capability of its generating units and of any synchronous condensers it owns, with the automatic voltage regulator in service, and submits Attachment 2 to its Transmission Planner within 90 calendar days. Over-excited (lagging) capability is verified at normal expected maximum Real Power output. For Facilities other than wind and photovoltaic, maximum lagging and leading capability is also collected at the minimum Real Power output at which they normally operate, and maximum leading capability at maximum Real Power output; nuclear units are not required to verify Reactive Power at minimum Real Power output. Wind turbines and photovoltaic inverters are verified with at least 90 percent of the turbines or inverters at the site on-line; if that cannot be met, the Generator Owner documents why, tests to the full capability at the time, and reschedules within six months of being able to reach 90 percent. The recorded data includes gross Real and Reactive Power, the Transmission Operator's voltage schedule if applicable, GSU and/or system interconnection transformer voltages, ratio and tap setting, the date and time of the verification period, and whether the data is a staged test or operational data.

Evidence an auditor expects. The same as R1: a completed Attachment 2 or equivalent form, or the dated data behind it, with the simplified one-line diagram showing auxiliary sources and Reactive Power flows, plus dated evidence of submittal to the Transmission Planner within 90 days.

R3 · Synchronous condenser Reactive Power (Transmission Owner)

What it means. The Transmission Owner verifies, under Attachment 1, the Reactive Power capability of its synchronous condenser units and submits Attachment 2 to its Transmission Planner within 90 calendar days of the date the data is recorded or selected. Synchronous condensers need only be tested at two points, one over-excited and one under-excited.

Evidence an auditor expects. A completed Attachment 2 or the Transmission Owner's form with equivalent information, or the dated data behind it, plus dated evidence such as emails or mail receipts showing submittal within 90 days.

For inverter-based plants

Wind and photovoltaic Facilities skip the leading and minimum-output test points in Attachment 1 Part 2.2; their one inverter-specific condition is the 90 percent on-line rule described under R2.

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